Investment Banking in 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

investiture Banking in 2008 - Essay ExampleThis paper demonstrates the result of deregulatory measures initiated by the authorities of the United States in the ecstasy of 1990s.The reason for such hype of the deregulatory measures has been primarily the universal bank model. The deregulatory measures allowed the enthronisation banks to participate in the monument functions. The supporters of the deregulations believed that modern day clients preferred to do all of their business ranging from life insurance to commercial lending, from mergers and scholarship advisory to retirement planning, under one roof. And only a deregulated market could allow this to happen. Therefore, replacement of Glass-Steagall venture of 1933 (which prevented depository and brokerage functions) by the Gramm-Leach Bliley in 1999 opened a whole lot of opportunities for the bankers.With the approval to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley pecuniary Services Modernization Act in 1999, investment banks, insurance compan ies and commercial banks were equally placed in respect to the products and the markets. This led to the concentration of financial power in fewer hands and soon the investment banks were being absorbed by the commercial banks.The deviation led to the rise in pressure on investment banks to create return on paleness compared to the universal banks like Duetsche Bank and as a result investment banks laid more emphasis on the traditional services like M&A, underwriting, sales and trading. Also, the intense competitive pressure led to the withdrawal of Net Capital rule. and SEC allowed limitless and unregulated leverage (in way of debts) to their brokerage units which proved to be fatal in the long run. remain Competitive Against the TrendFrom the analysis of the case, it appears that Goldman Sachs (and also Morgan Stanley, if non others) could have surely remained competitive without increasing its leverage to boost its return on investment. In fact, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanle y were honest enough at the outset and had written mass the losses in residential mortgages and leveraged loans and tried to avoid the excessive exposure to the mortgage industry. But as Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley faced increasing pressure from the investors as their profits eroded and return on equity subsided. Consequently, they decided to be the bank holding companies (under FED regulations) and initiate the depository functions which would allow them to play as commercial banks and have diversified banking operations apart from invest banking functions, which in turn would help them to suffer competitive.Collapse of Lehman Brothers but Bear Stearns SavedFor the purpose of bail out of Bear Sterns , Federal replacement lent JP Morgan Chase $ 30 Billion out of which JP Morgan Chase agreed to assume responsibility for $ 1 Billion leaving the charge of other $ 29 Billion to the U.S. tax payers. But when the Lehman Brothers, which had almo st 75% higher valuation of the assets (compared to Bear Sterns as on 30/11/2007) approached Federal Reserve they did not get the nod. The prime reason of such a decision by Fed is believed to be the policy-making dominos. The decision makers hesitated to take another bail-out measure

Probation Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Probation Process - Essay ExampleThe word probation mode testing of behavior, for the person who is charged to demonstrate his or her willingingness to reform and not become a recidivist. Probation helps both(prenominal) the said person and society as well it is suited for first-time wrongdoers or those who had no prior records. assume a cocaine drug offender is assigned to me, this is the proposed schedule that I will recommend to be followed, as a suggestion to the judge and the concerned parties. For the required 20 hours of community service, I will recommend that said service be rendered for four weeks (1 hour per day for five days per week, so 5 hours per week x 4 weeks = 20 hours service) which is not heavy on the offender to perform. For the $ d in court costs, attorneys fees and all other related expenses, I suggest the amount be give at $100 per week, for a total of five weeks.For the ten-week drug rehabilitation program, this should be rendered first inwardness it is scheduled ahead of the community service and the payment of the $500 fine as mentioned above, because the drug offender must be fit and well first (already rehabilitated) before rendition of the community service, so as not to endanger other citizens and prevent the offender from becoming a drug habituate again. medicate rehabilitation is the first priority and should be given precedence.Along this line, I recommend the drug addict be enrolled at the Argus IV Community Mens Residential Program. It is located at 760 East hundred-and-sixtieth Street, Bronx, New York. It has a safe and nurturing environment and provides innovative programs, with an emphasis on acquisition of practical skills, agitate bad behaviors, and transform life attitudes through self-help, mutual support, and instilling a sense of personal responsibility. It has 38 years of experience already. It relies on public funds and private donations for its program (www.arguscommunity.org, 2013, p. 1). A good alterna ting(a) would be the Albert Einstein College of

The Intranet Technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Intranet Technology - brass Study ExampleHe focused on the four major points of IT responsibilitiesKeeping these points in mind, Mr discreetness gave me a comprehensive view on the various applications that were being currently used in the affirm and the optimization methods required to develop the business functioning and achieve faster deadlines. The chief(prenominal) application that Mr goody explained needed improvement was the Intranet tissuesite that had to be made more efficient and user friendly.- Conventional format The Intranet clearsite of the bank, as I saw it, was just a lot of text info about the bank from the web developers. It looked very conventional with some introduction about the bank along with some highlights on the main page. The other web pages were organized department wise such as IT, Wholesale banking, Consumer Banking, Human Resource, act Banking, CEO , all displaying their latest achievements, current affairs and future plans in their respecti ve pages.- Distri neverthelessed information The information on the website was not properly centralized and composed, for e.g. Every department website had their training and elearning documents displayed on their respective pages but instead, these documents should have been organized under one banner Training or E learning so that it would be easier to access to any kind of training material.- Restricting User right The web developer was still responsible for any website text addition, modification and deletion which had both its positive and negative aspects. Positively, the website would be safe and secure without allowing any user to add some malicious content that could compromise the intranet thus enceinte the network. Negatively, the users cannot publish any of their informative and important documents, so which has to be done only through the web developer. But then a lot of times we need to make changes in our documents and due to the restrict rights, publishing those changes cannot be done time to time.- Unimpressive design The feedback from the bank employees indicated that a lot of loud images of the bank logo and improper soaring tools made the website quite unattractive and boring for the users to bother visiting. A company website can convey its Hamid, 3message strongly if the website has organized information and more navigation bars which can allow the users to visit the website more frequently and participate in the bank online activities. resolvent ProposedUnderstanding the requirements of the banks intranet needs, I knew that I had to propose a solution that can not only dish up in centralizing the information but also allow the employees to interact with each other on a common platform for business needs.Microsoft Share point server 2003 application is a reliable, ascendible and easy to deploy platform, designed to organize the distributed data from various sources and provide a common opening for the users to interact and share tasks. Following are the main

750 words essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

750 words - Essay ExampleBuddhism summarizes a uncanny life in four tenets. This entails the justice of paroxysm, the truth of the reason for suffering, the truth of sufferings end, the truth of the path that leads towards enlightenment. The first tenet means that life must always possess suffering. In turn, suffering is an inalienable part of life that case-by-cases should not hold as strange. Acceptance of suffering does not incriminate nihilism, but acceptance of the world as it occurs. In such a pragmatic frame, the individual learns how hotshot can rectify the problem of suffering. The religion does not deny the concept of pleasure, but classifies the same as a fleeting value (Ganeri 67). This also applies to happiness, which is a monetary feeling. In the end, sickness, aging, and death are the lonesome(prenominal) inevitable elements. The second truth deals with the cause of suffering. The Buddha states that desire and ignorance are the two main causes of suffering. Desi re relates to pursuit for pleasure, material things, and immortality. Since these wants are insatiable, desiring them fuels suffering in people. Ignorance, on the other hand, refers to not perceiving the world as it occurs. When an individual lacks insight and foresight, the creative thinker remains static since it is unable to perceive the true nature of life.Buddhism emphasizes on the mind as the principal precept for attaining Nirvana. This is because the mind is essential in controlling desires and emotions. The texts liken this principle to the operation of herding an ox such that it does not stray into other peoples farms. Buddhism recognizes that the senses may become unmanageable if the individual does not chain them with ones mind. In this view, indulgence in desires and limited lotion of the mind in life suffocates the spirituality of a person.Buddhism emphasizes on the need for learning in install to achieve enlightenment. When a person is born,

Descrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Descrimination - Essay modellingAs such, women, people with disabilities, people of color as well as people who are ripened face a many impediments to their full and active participation in the labor force of this country. The interest research paper aims to explore discrimination with an eye to how this form of discrimination affects certain types of people, both indoors the wider society as well as within the labor market. What influences discrimination in the twenty-first coke? How has society attempted to protect people from discrimination? These questions and many more will be discussed with name to discrimination today. We now begin with an overview of the key integral for this research paper, including discrimination, prejudice and social bias.The fall in States has undergone quite a substantial changes within the past century the country is a good deal more diverse than it ever was. immigration and the growth of globalization have altered the social composition of t he United States of America. Today, there is a much larger percentage of people of color and telescopic minorities within key social institutions including government pip President Barack Obama is perhaps the most obvious example today. There is also increased the representation of visible minorities across the country in all aspects of public life including in the police services and the procreation sectors, just to name a few. Changing worldwide immigration patterns have led to an increased menstruum of people from around the world to the United States, facilitating intercultural communication. American society has quickly become far less(prenominal) homogenous and cultural institutions are beginning to reflect this. Unfortunately with the changing social landscape of the United States and the changing nature of this country, the multicultural setting may lead to a rise in racism and discrimination in the twenty-first century (Cahn, 2002).Discrimination is described as

Unit 43 distinction Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 43 distinction - Coursework ExampleThere are some(prenominal) merits of using button efficient devices, and this include saving of money. Studies have shown that improving the thermal characteristic of a home by buying the latest energy saving equipments easily save about 30% of the energy bills. A properly insulated house shall use less heating fuel and less electrical energy during summer for air conditioning. Other ways of reducing utility bill is by using CFL bulbs and separate energy star appliances2.The energy efficient equipments help in improving the local economy. This female genital organ be achieved when the local and domestic companies provide energy efficient devices instead of importing electricity or inborn gas from outside the community. By using the energy efficient devices, we help in reducing environmental pollution. The power plants that generate electricity use natural gas or burning oil therefrom causes air pollution and electric arc of greenhouse ga ses. Therefore, by consuming less energy it helps to lower the emission of pollutants in the air.Energy efficient devices will enhance less utilization of the available energy thus saving a lot of energies that can be exported. Exported power earn a lot of revenues to a country that can be vested in improving schools, hospital among others. Moreover, using energy efficient devices improves an exclusive comfort at home since it reduces expenditure needed to heat their homes to comfortable levels.Electrical energy can be utilized in a commercial building for different purposes including use in calculating machine appliances, driving of lifts within the building as well as maintain the thermal characteristics. Electrical energy can be used to heat equipments to produce heat as well as raceway the air conditioner machines to bring in cold

Strategies of Market Growth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategies of Market Growth - Assignment ExampleToday, the economies of most of these markets ar growing and expanding at a rate that easily attracts multinational companies from all across the world. Most of these emerging markets are also having genuinely favourable macroeconomic and microeconomic policies that put them at highly lucrative positions to choose in the doing of globular business. With the coming and advancement of technology also, there has been a major boost in terms of how potent and efficient business is undertake in these emerging markets. All of these favourable conditions notwithstanding, it remain a situation that with the level of development in these emerging markets, companies need much strategic approaches to make good affair of consumers in emerging markets, especially those at the bottom of the pyramid. In this paper, two key business strategies that rout out be intentiond by these companies are critically discussed. Strategies of Market Growth Go llakota (2010) identifies consumers at the bottom of the pyramid as one of the most important stakeholders of any companys supply chain, especially those in emerging markets. ... erstanding circumstances that consumers must satisfy to meet their needs, whiles the final parameter looks into the essence of what the consumer wants to accomplish (Gollakota, 2010). Generally, though, the profound equal management centres on the second paradigm, which advises the need for prices of crossings and services to be cut low to cover that those at the bottom will also have the means of responding to their needs. For the companies to do this cost cutting without runway at a loss it important that they are engaged in prudent management of drudgery cost. In the second instance, the use of deep benefit management is recommended for use. Unlike the former which focuses on cost management, this is more concerned about take to be management, where the need for companies to think of ways of addin g new features that give singular value to their products and services is recommended (Ghemawat, 2010). In most cases, what has been observed with emerging markets is that consumers at the bottom want to use their money in the most guaranteed means that they have to be very certain about value for money. In effect, even if they will have to be paying more, they would need guarantee that the same product or service from another outfit has less value than the one they are purchasing (Pelle, 2007). Meanwhile, the best way to raise the value of a product is by introducing new features that takes away cost in an indirect manner. Some of these ways include offering convenient locations, transport, or other services that are essential for BOP customers Gollakota, 2010 p. 361). Conclusion In conclusion, it will be reiterated that the need for businesses and organizations to succeed is not an movement that comes by accident, especially when reference is made to emerging markets. As

Comparison and Contrast of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Research Paper

proportion and rail line of ANCC and AANP Certification Process and Board Certification Examination - Research Paper ExampleThe pledge study focuses on a comparison and contrast of these two certification and board examinations. ANCC and AANP Comparison and Contrast The nurse practiti peerlessrs argon allowed to take both the examination. However, it is a selection of the candidate to take either one of the exams or both (Difference Between AANP and ANCC, 2012). The ANCC is credentialing body of the American Nurses Association (ANA).The exams for credential presently being offered to value practitioners argon for the following fields adult, family, paediatric, gerontology, acute cargon, adult or family psychiatric and mental health, and advanced diabetes management. The AANP is a branch of learning composition that caters to only nurse practitioners. It is at present contributing in one-third specialty exams adult, family, and geriatric nurse practitioner (Leik, 2008, p.1). Th e American Nurses Credentialing Center is the biggest and most esteemed nurse credentialing organization in the world (ANCC Certification Center, 2012). In general, the ANCC revises their examinations for the nurse practitioner in every 2 to 3 years. The questions in the exam are mostly suggested from most important textbooks, national expert panel guidelines, papers, and official governmental reports and statistics. The suggestion sources for AANP exams are not recognized in public. The substance of their examinations is supported on the results of a responsibility description learning that was carried out by both the AANP and the Professional Examination Service. The examinations for both the certifications are now computer based thus being online conducted within a particular time frame. However, the procedure of questions varies for the two tests. For ANCC examination, the total number of questions is 175, while for AANP, 150 questions are in total for the test. Both the certif ications are in the same way acknowledged as national specialty organizations, and credentials granted by them are acceptable to governmental bodies such as Medicare, local evidence agencies such as the state boards of nursing (BON), and private corporations (Leik, 2008, pp.2-3). The AANP examinations have been organized and developed by AANP itself and the Professional Examination Service (PES).On the other hand, it is the ANCC that organizes the ANCC certification examination. The range of programs covered by AANP is lesser in comparison to ANCC. ANCC provides further different range of programs including the Acute Care, Adult, Adult Psychiatric & Mental Health, Diabetes Management, Family, Family Psych & Mental Health, Gerontological, Paediatric, School, Ambulatory Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiac Vascular, College Health, community of interests Health, High-Risk Prenatal, Informatics, Maternal-Child, and Medical-Surgical Nursing among others (Difference Between AANP and A NCC, 2012). To study and analyse accurately, there are not many differences in the two examinations except the wide range of subjects covered under the ANCC certification. As far as the examinations are concerned, taking any one of the examinations would provide the nursing practitioner with the opportunity to serve in their choice of fields in nursing. However, in order to qualify for the certification examination both the tests require that the nursing candidates hold an active current licence of Registered Nurses (RN) within a state or territory of

Energy Drink Study (will give case study info) Essay

Energy Drink Study (will give case study info) - Essay showcaseIn the drunkennesss industry, marketing is an essential undertaking. Each firm tries as much as possible to piss product awareness, study consumers buying behaviors, and subsequently offer a competitive product in wrong of quality and prices. Market demands vary across antithetic consumers. In this regard, different products are offered by the different players in the beverage industry. Energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages have persistently become a central component of the beverage industry (Gamble 81). Carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices have had to deal with the immobile competition that has been realized with the toil of preference beverages.Firms that produce carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices have had to turn to the production of alternative beverages as competition in the industry exacerbates. Consumption of energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced drinks have sign ificantly increased, leading to reduced usage of carbonated soft drinks and associate products. Major players in the beverage industry like Pepsi, Coca-Cola, and Red bullshit among others have pursued creativity, innovativeness, and technological advancement in the pursuit of producing alternative beverages that are highly demanded, consequently fetching huge revenues for these firms (Rhum 150).The alternative beverages have become quite lucrative, in many instances outperforming carbonated drinks and related products. A company like Coca-Cola that primarily dealt with carbonated drinks has also engaged in the production of alternative beverages due to the high price premiums and profitability associated with alternative beverages. With the competitive trend in the industry, marketing has had to be informed by responsible marketing practices. Pepsi, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull among others have dominated this business, resulting in stiff competition for a worldwide market share. Fai r competition has

Light jet plane Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Light jet plane - Research Paper ExampleThe most primitive involve should be satisfied completely first and then gradually other needs should be finish but then again manytimes the most primitive needs only prove to be a hurdle in the overall growth and routine task execution. The higher importance tasks tin can only be efficiently performed if the lower basic necessities are met. (Rakowski, 2008)The light jet plane is basically a corporate jet with only one operational pilot seat and capable of accommodative around five people. Some of the have a proper lavatory system while some do not however, it is very comfortable and highly in demand for many companies. Businessmen and very important person personnel can easily cover their required distances with all the space at their disposal and without having to consume the discomfort of public air transport planes. As the name signifies these planes are small, less heavy and drop at slow speeds but comfortably. (Pike, 2009)The ma jor factor utilizing probably the majority of the organizations concerns is the fiscal policies. External crisis such as inflation, stock mart ups and downs etcetera have huge bearings on the overall economic infrastructure. The economic conditions of the population is checked and double checked before pricing goods or spend in the manufacture process.Moreover the financial condition of a particular locality plays a capricious role admits (Kreitner, 2007). Not both geographical demarcation is well suited for buying expensive luxuries. So the company should chalk out its fiscal policies considering the minutest details regarding the ongoing currency value, stocks market and the economic solidarity of the country. In order to avoid any major setbacks to the organizations revenue generation or the entire outlet flop.In the modern era of technology it is extremely important for every company in the endeavor to

How the social media can benefits a new company with that much Essay

How the social media jakes benefits a advanced company with that much competition - Essay ExampleSocial media is undoubtedly utile newest tool and strategy for growing a new or an existing business. Hundreds of social media networks are obtaining wider popularity crossways the globe since more and more business people are tempted to intent social media to share their views, ideas, feelings and data with others. Social media is about(predicate) how people use internet for their dialogue purposes.Social media refers to any of the many online tools that appropriate people to share information and learn from others through a communication network in an blossom forth process. Social media thus refers to online contents that are created and consumed by regular people for each others. As Singh and rhomb (2012, p. 10) noted, it may be comments a person adds at the end of a website- article or family flash he uploaded to a photos-haring site or a video he uploaded to a video-shari ng site. Until the last decade, businesses had to use direct communication for most business and market activities, but the emergence of social media brought tremendous changes in business and marketing communication. It has not only brought greater opportunities for many businesses, but also posed large challenges for many to survive in competing with others.For a new business to be set up favoredly, marketing communication is an extremely important function since its ultimate goal to reach its customers will be successful only if it can communicate its people about the business and its goals. When introducing a new brand or the existing brand with new product or service to the market, it needs to be communicated to its people to throw off them aware about it, to inform or persuade them to buy or to keep on reminding them about the goods or brand (Kitchen, 1999, p. 21).Social media can play pivotal role in marketing communication and thus perform the functions of advertising as well as marketing promotional activities. A new business to be set up or an

Importance of Information Systems in Transforming Businesses. Cloud Essay

Importance of Information Systems in Transforming Businesses. Cloud Computing - Essay ExampleThe integration of information systems has helped developers to be able to understand the ask of organizations and people who create, process, filter and distribute data using hardware and software networks. According to (Dimitris 2010), mist calculate services have an ability to assemble wide networks because they are vital tools that manage software applications. amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, also called Amazon EC2, is an example of a web service that helps cloud figuring developers manage cloud work out with ease (Agmon 2014). The service helps one to configure cloud computing capacitance with minimal difficulties. The service developed by Amazon helps developers easily set up cloud computing services that will benefit their needs and be in a position to manage it healthy (Buyya et al, 2011). Since the inception of cloud computing, users have known its benefits and this has been no ned by an increase in usage. The Amazon EC2 is an in force(p) application when the user modifies the application to suit their organization functions (Agmon 2014). The services provided by Amazon EC2 are twopenny and easy to use and compete favorably in the market space (Chee 2010).Information systems play a major role to facilitate cloud computing. The concept of cloud computing involves data and information not being stored at a static place, according to (Tarrant, 2014). This implies that the applications and softwares which are involved with cloud computing operate on the web these softwares have to be sophisticated, so that they clear be accessed by users from different locations and still perform to their best.

Struth, Thomas (German), The Smith Family, Fife, Scotland, 1989 Research Paper

Struth, Thomas (German), The Smith Family, Fife, Scotland, 1989 - Research Paper ExampleToday, Struth is recognized as among the rattling first photographers who heralded contemporary German photography.Struth has had many of his works exhibited in Museums and other exhibition centers slightly the world. The most recent project which has provided boosted his profile is his portrait of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip, the portrait was neighborhood of a collection taken to commemorate the Queens 2012 Diamond Jubilee. At the beginning of his photography career, Struth became popular for his Unconscious Places photographs these represented cityscapes completely devoid of life. Part of this collection was on display until November at the Venice Architecture Biennale.Recently, Struth had an interview with O Haghan a reporter with the Guardian newspaper. In this interview, Struth described his mouthful of photography to painting and also explained the inspiration behind his first photographs which represented skyscrapers. In the interview he explained that he made huge super-realist photographic paintings, these never greatly appealed to him and felt they were somehow stupid. This displeasure informed his preference for photography, his tutors and mentors at the time, Richter and Bernd Becher also preferred his photography.Struths initial photographs were of his own city, he took photographs of Dusseldorfs streets and buildings. He explained that his ferocity on building arose from an inquiry on how history would find its place in our current lives, further he wondered how architecture represents humanity. In answering these questions he found his style and methodology.Just like all artist, Struths photographs depict an individual who is largely reactive to the environment around him. This also includes the people he meets and interacts with. He is one who draws great inspiration from life and structures around him. In his own words, the subject of his ph otographs arises from a need to talk about

CASE 3- Variable and Fixed Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CASE 3- Variable and Fixed Costs - Essay Examplech refers to the be mannerology in which all the manufacturing and direct costs were allocated to the products and used in the calculation of the costs of bloodline (opening, in process or closing). All the non manufacturing costs are directly charged to the income statement and were excluded from the cost of inventory (opening, in process or closing). This method is also known as full cost method or system. (Drury, 2004)An alternative to this method is a variable costing method. Under variable costing advancement the cost of a product includes variable costs (costs that vary with the level of production) of production only. All the doctor costs (costs that are not dependent on the level of production) are directly taken to the dough and loss statement and not form the part of inventory cost (opening, in process or closing). It is also called as direct costing system. (Matz & Usry, 1980)1. If production in a period equals the sal es in that period, then profits calculated under both the methods are alike. The reason is that the amount of amend overheads that bequeath be charged to the profit and loss statement under engrossment costing will be the fixed expenses incurred during the period, which is also charged in the profit and loss statement under variable costing method. Therefore, net income under both methods will be same. The fixed costs pertaining to opening inventories, under absorption costing method, will be carried forward to the next period, As opening and closing inventories are same (since sales equals production). (Drury, 2004)2. If the production during the period exceeds the sales during that period, then absorption costing system results in high profits as compared to the variable costing systems, since fixed cost pertaining to the units sold is less than the total fixed costs for the period (As production is greater than sales and fixed costs in absorption costing are allocated on the basis of units produced). As under the absorption

In what way is the historical and political context of Thucydides and Essay

In what way is the historical and governmental context of Thucydides and Machiavelli relevant for an interpretation of their literary works - Essay ExampleContemporary foreign policies and the disregard for law were the reflections of the Thucydides and Machiavellis political powers and their emphasis on the US foreign policies. They wanted to carve a niche for themselves in the American history and they achieved this by exhibiting it in their writings. Their writings were closer to reality and this paved the way for their success. Realism is not a rude(a) concept and this was adopted by the authors who emphasize on the historic incidents and happenings. This was held by Thucydides and Machiavelli which helped them in proving themselves a realist author.Thucydides and Machiavelli were considered to be the most popular historians and the reason was the way in which they treated law and political aspects of the government. Each and every(prenominal) part of their writings focused o n the disregard for law and ethics that was followed in a estate. This created a wave of fear among the residents of almost all the countries and the neighboring countries also felt the impact of the problem.Though they lived some(prenominal) decades before the independence of most of the nations, they are still popular due to their contribution to the history of their individual nations. Their political life also influenced other countries apart from their native countries. Their influence is still felt in most of the nations were their principles and political ideologies are being followed. Thucydides and Machiavelli are considered to be the fathers of political realism as they showed the political system of a country in a different dimension. The way they balanced a countrys government and political system and exertion of power made them the most sought afterward leaders of the country. They turned in to realist authors only after proving their mettle in the political system. (Thucydides, 1985).Their writings stringently reflected their political experience and the way in which they dealt with the political problems and

Intelligence Community Credibility- How do we get it back Research Paper

Intelligence alliance of interests Credibility- How do we get it back - Research cover ExampleTherefore the accent in activities of knowledge community was shifted to a multi-perspective consideration about contend issues of the Statesn society and the main goal of this organization is currently seen in serving American population and not only to respond to the President. For the majority of people Intelligence Community is associated with films about spies. In America 14 agencies and organizations are united in a base where its participants develop their intelligent activities for provision of issue security. Intelligent Community has a regulative basis specified in Executive Order 12333, which was subscribe by President Ronald Reagan on December 4, 1981 (Intelligent reform, 2008). In accordance with this order Intelligence Community provides American government with the information appropriate for foreign, defense, and economic policies. There are four methods of parole co llection human, signals, imagery, and measure and signatures intelligence (HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, and MASINT) (Intelligent reform, 2008). All activities of IC are conducted under the guidance of the Director of Intelligent Community. Since 1947 Intelligent Community experienced numerous reforms. The most recent reform was conducted in the beginning of the XXI century, in 2004. after a dreadful terroristic act on September 11 the main claim of the act was a propagation of unity of effort (Intelligent reform, 2008). It was necessary to integrate and develop information sharing. Potential threats facing American society had to be more properly considered by Intelligent Community. Information is the central focus of representatives of intelligence community, policymakers, enforcement officers and other participants of this organization. A more detailed discussion of information is a way out to reckon potential terroristic threats. Intelligence community currently is supposed to perform the following function The threats posed nowadays by terrorist groups, rogue states and transnational criminal networks are severe and daunting, and the increased effectiveness of the intelligence community is helping us combat these threats (Fixing Intelligence for a More Secure America, 2003). Currently a coarse collaboration of DNI and CIA is directed on an intelligence community efficiency increase. In such a way, group think may still ideas competition, which is relevant to intelligence analysis. Moreover, DNI is supposed to undermine power and authority of the defence reaction Department and intelligent support may be neglected. Nevertheless, DNI confirmed expectations and shifted its accents to consideration of community-wide matters. Consequently, management aspect of intelligence community is also better regulated now. A creation of the National Counterterrorism Center is another redbrick innovation introduced in the activities of the intelligence community, because i t is directed on facilitation of terrorism-related intelligence analysis and deals with counterterrorism efforts regulation on behalf of the federal government. A modern generation of intelligence analysts is surrounded by enormous possibilities and tools facilitating their work. Electronic resources and information technologies facilitate a process of information sharing/discussing (Herrington, 2008). With regard to a wide-spread occurrence of social networks, officers of intelligence

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay Example for Free

Foundations of study and Collaborative Working Es set upDiscuss the concept of cooperative bending within your professional firmament To be able to understand the rationale, the different factors influencing the verbotencome of collaborative working and how this stinker be use to Perioperative practice, it is important to score a sound understanding of the concept Collaborative Working. This concept has many terminological variations, one of the more frequently used is Inter-professional working. Hornby and Atkins (2000) state that collaborative working is a relationship amid two or more people, groups or organisations, working together to define and achieve a leafy vegetable purpose. Barrett et al (2005) decl atomic number 18s that inter-professional working is the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and/or social c be for the benefit of service users. Disregarding what is ascertainn as the corr ect/incorrect terminology, the putting green denominator here is that all health care provide/ agencies are working together to provide the silk hat health care possible for patients and service users.There have been many debates about the variation in terminology, Leathard (19945) refers to it as terminological quagmire that has been created overdue to rapid victimisations in practice, and in her analysis of terms, Leathard (19946) prefers to use the term multi-professional as it infers a wider group of professionals. In this instance the term Collaborative working leave be used. everywhere the geezerhood there have been many drivers behind the rationale for collaborative working dating as far back as the 1960s in the USA, where Henderson (1966) reports that one hospital has weekly inter-professional ward conferences. The humor of collaborative working is therefore not a relatively new concept. In recent forms increased emphasis has been placed on collaborative working an d the need to work together due to changes in applied science, accountability and government reports. Technological advances such as telecommunication is now used by surgical staff to live feed surgical procedures to different parts of the world. This has aided remote-area surgeons in their proclaim practices (Shields Werder 2002)Similarly, the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) direct advice line has created a way in which doctors can consult patients over the telephone. However a study by the Economic and Social Research Council (2005) cerebrate that telemedicine is disappearing compared to NHS direct advice line. The introduction to new machinery which takes blood pressures automatically rather than manually, this and other technological advances have all required healthcare staff to change the ways in which they work collaboratively. On the other hand, Government reports also change the way in which healthcare professionals work as they are much mandatory me asures. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) was introduced in 1999 under the Agenda for Change. Day (2006) claims that the use of KSF will enable team leaders to identify gaps in the knowledge and skills of their inter-professional teams.KSF is an essential requirement carried out every year to guarantee pay progressions. Collaborative working is also brought about by accountability. All healthcare professionals are governed by a professional body such as the Health Professions Council (HPC) in which it is their duty to ensure compliance with the legislation on the use of protected titles (HPC, 2008) Not only are registrants accountable to the HPC they are also accountable to statutory and criminal law which means healthcare professionals must act with patients and staff on an acceptable level at the risk of being prosecuted for their actions. Another driver for collaborative working is seen through the ever scrutinizing media. A recent news report by Hughes (2011) titled Emergency cognitive process patients lives at risk, say surgeons is one of the many examples of negative media that is putting more pressure on healthcare professionals to work more collaboratively. On the other hand, many of the public viewers do not see the bias in the studyity of these news reports and many examples of good collaboration is missed.Resulting from the rationale behind wherefore people work together it is important to understand the ways in which people do work together. Safe Surgery Saves Lives was an initiative that arose in 2006 by the World Health Organization and in 2008 a Surgical Safety Checklist was released globally. Research proved that postoperative complication rates fell by 36% on average and the checklist has also improved communication among the surgical teams. (Haynes, B.A et al, 2009, Pg 496) Many trusts also have a theatre list policy and this ensures that staff are working collaboratively to ensure the lists are correct, accurate and the some important procedures have been prioritised. The idea differentiates among the trusts, but is most commonly referred to as a Group hug. This is carried out each morning before any surgical procedures commence and it is a chance for staff to meet and share any ideas or concerns over that days list.A big part of collaborative work, particularly in peri-operative care, is about recognising each others skills and grandness thus the idea of inter-professional learning. Kenward Kenward (2011, pg 35-39) outlines the importance of mentors, stating that mentors should act as role models for students of all professions. Further promoting this the General Medical Council (2006) document on good Medical Practice propounds that doctors also act as role models to try and inspire and motivate others. It is patent that there are many ways in which healthcare staff work together, however major issues are still identified around the factors that influence the outcomes of collaborative working. M iscommunication has been identified as a reoccurring problem. veritable conductal patterns among peri-operative staff which included ignoring requests they did not understand, failing to seek clarification, failing to speak loudly bountiful to be heard and communicating information to the wrong person. (Gardezi et al 2009, pg 1390-1399)This can be fatal especially in the case of Elaine Bromiley who had undergone a routine sinus surgical procedure. Due to a breakdown in communication between surgeons, Elaine unfortunately died. A video titled Just a routine operation, (LaerdalMedical, 2011) released after(prenominal) the death of Elaine Bromiley, identifies the breakdown in communication between the surgeons and the theatre nurses who had actually witnessed the surgeons put out and suggested an alternative method to intubating the patient which was ignored. This concept has been previously recognised as professional separatism. D function et al (2005) argued that because professi onal groups are educated separately they are then socialised into discipline-specific thinking.Research reason that 69% of respondents to a questionnaire they set out reported disagreement between surgeons and nurses. And that 53.4% reported experiencing aggressive behavior from consultant surgeons (Coe and Gould, 2008, Pg 609-618) Thus meaning the outcomes of collaboration will suffer if all professionals do not interact and recognize the importance of other professionals skills. It is evident that collaboration and inter-professional working largely exists but with the constant changes in peri-operative practice as mentioned previously and the way healthcare is constantly observed, especially by the media, it is evident that collaborative working is a continuous development or a lifelong learning process. As technology changes and government policies are continually released it is inevitable that the ways in which healthcare professionals work together will also change and develop .ReferencesBarret, G, Sellman, D and Thomas. J (2005) Inter-professional working in Health and Social Care captain Perspectives. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan. Coe, R and Gould, D (2008) Disagreement and aggression in the operating theatre. Journal of Advanced Nursing. book of account 61, subject area 6, Pg 609-618. Day, J (2006) Inter-professional working An essential guide for health-and social-care professionals. Cheltenham Nelson Thornes. DAmour, D, Ferrada-Videla, M, San Martin Rodrigues, L and Beaulieu, M (2005) The conceptual basis for inter-professional quislingism Core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of Inter-professional Care. Supplement 1, Pg 116-131. Economic and Social Research Council (2005) Telemedicine revolution is disappearing from the NHS. Online addressable at www.esrc.societytoday.ac.uk. (Accessed 8 October 2011) Gardezi, F, Lingard, L, Espin, S, Whyte, S, Orser, B and Baker, G.R (2009) Silence, power and communication in the operating room. J ournal of Advanced Nursing. mountain 65, Issue 7, Pg 1390-1399. General Medical Council (2006) Good Medical Practice guidelines working in teams. Online lendable at http//www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/good_medical_practice/working_with_colleagues_working_in_teams.asp (Accessed 9 October 2011) Haynes, B.A, Weiser, G.T, Berry, R.W, Lipsitz, Sc.D et al (2009) A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population. The New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 360, Issue 5, Pg 496. Health Professions Council (2008-09) Continuing professional development annual report. Online Available at http//www.hpc-uk.org/publications/reports/ (Accessed 8 October 2011)Henderson, V (1966) The nature of Nursing A definition and its implications for practice, seek and education. New York. Macmillan. Hornby, S and Atkins, J (2000) Collaborative Care Inter-professional, interagency and interpersonal. Oxford Blackwell. Hughes, D (2011) Emergency Surgery patients lives at risk, say surgeons. BBC news. Online Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15098114 (Accessed 8 October 2011) Kenward, L and Kenward, L (2011) Promoting Inter-professional Care in the Perioperative environment. Nursing Standard. Volume 25, Issue 41, Pg 35-39. Proquest Online Available at http//proquest.umi.com/ (Accessed 9 October 2011) Laerdal Medical (2011) Just a Routine Operation Online Available at http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzlvgtPlof4 (Accessed 9 October 2011) Leathard, A (1994) Going Inter-professional Working Together for Health and Welfare. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Shields, L and Werder, H (2002) Perioperative Nursing. Cambridge University Press.

Shezan International Limited Essay Example for Free

Shezan International especial(a) EssayIn 90s or earlier people hadnt liked such drinks e.g. cold drinks, juices make by companies, at that measure people had preferred fresh juice,sattu,sardai, jam-e-shireen etc in summer. But later in that location is new trend comes in exist that is coke and Pepsi become more prominent in food market or among the people. To compete this market indirectly, different companies made focus on manufacturing juice like shezan, country, snuggle etc. Although juice line of shezan is going well, it has enough market shargon but in finishing 5 years shezan introduce its two products Quench in contention of tang and shezan syrups in competition to qarshi syrups. Strategy in Action Organizational Culture Shezan International has excellent organizational culture. The culture is truly(prenominal) professional but yet very enjoyable, the environment is very easy and casual. Shezan international gives lot of wideness to its junior employees and seniors are always ready to listen to their juniors and are also willing to act upon their advices and suggestions if considered feasible. Employees are free to pursue and select their goals and objectives and HR department is always there for employees to provide them with the best guidance.The antecedence is always given to the job by the staff. The employee hammering there declares Shezan international a best fundament to work in and to make a reputable name in the corporate market, with a very open career aheadOrganizational Structure of ShezanHuman resources steering Human resource management involves the training and development of workers and employees in order to increase their productivity and efficiency.For this purpose company make their employees to work with the seniorworker to get the experience, apart from this on-the job training, they haveseparate training program for new employees. The company has goodplanning, quality control systems and rising orientation, which al thoughdoes contribute directly in value addition and increase the effectiveness of whole process.Long-term goals and Objectives As our company produces variety of juices with competitive market prices to make market stable for long period of time and company has expanded its production capacity and exports. For long term objective company set units in different cities for the comprehensive range of production in the fruit processing field in Pakistan illuminate Level StrategyShezan uses related diversification strategy to grow its business. Shezan is owned by Shahnawaz group of industries. Shezan buys slit from the shahtaj sugar mill,owned by Shahnawaz group. Shezan have its own fruit farms to fulfill its needs.Shezan also have its own berate storage to store the raw materials. These all related diversifications provide Shezan an edge over its competitors. Shezan creates value for its customers by providing quality and rich in taste products.

Critical Thinking in 21st Century America Essay Example for Free

Critical sentiment in 21st Century America Es produceThe intellectual roots of critical mentation get a line back to the teachings of Socrates, who discovered a method of analytical quizzical known today as Socratic questioning, establishing that one could not rationally respectableify their assured claims to knowledge. Socrates established that people cannot think upon those in effectiveness to have sound knowledge and insight. He demonstrated that individuals may have power and high redact and yet be deep confused and irrational.He established the importance of asking questions and idea deeply before we relieve an idea as worthy of belief. Socrates stressed the significance of key outking evidence, closely examining ratiocination and assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is said but of what is done. This, I believe, is essential to animated a successful and knowledgeable life question e preciseaffair and everyone.I s trongly agree with Socrates idea that we cannot depend upon an individual of higher power to have all-encompassing knowledge and insight solely based on their status. The use of trustworthy words, in just the right way, is enough to make some individuals believe just about anything most successful lawyers have built their entire c atomic number 18ers solely by knowing what to say, how to say it, and when to say it. Although I feel that critical thinking is a necessity throughout life, along with analyzing and questioning everything I also feel that it is not something that is simply learned.Today, in our contemporary 21st century American society, we atomic number 18 certainly allowed to be and/or trained to be critical thinkers, but it is only certain individuals who will use critical thought to its highest ability to expand their knowledge and open up the mind. These individuals, sometimes rare, have the ability to reflectively question common beliefs and justifications, and us e this to carefully distinguish those beliefs that are commonsensical and logical from those which lack acceptable evidence or rational foundation to justify a certain belief.Socrates practice was followed by many great critical thinkers, such as Plato, Aristotle, and the Greek skeptics, all of whom accent that things are often very different from what they appear to be and that only the trained mind is fain to see through the way things look to us on the surface, misleading appearances, to the way they really are beneath the surface, the deeper realities of life.Critical thinking, amongst many other definitions, is the ability to understand and apply, to infer and to meaningfully investigate addicted information the skills needed to see equivalents, comprehend connections, identify problems, and develop justifiable explanations. It identifies bias, and a bias is not necessarily bad it is simply a preferred way of looking at things. However, critical thinking does not necessaril y benefit everyone it can alter relationships, change attitudes, and cause family and friends to part ways.In baseless of our readings, many of the individuals we have discussed stress the need for a critical society, but additionally stress that it is not always beneficial, especially for those susceptible to nonsense. John Stuart loiter feared conformism among society as a whole, he saw this as a uniformity which enforced narrow-minded views and illogical rules on those individuals more broad-minded and educated.A few years back while researching religious belief for a paper, I came across Mills idea of hell belief, where he argues that the belief in hell is made inconsistently two strong and weak by a total body failure in critical thinking that hell belief is incompatible with the belief that God is good. He explains that the same mind set that enables them to accept a theory involving these contradictions prevents them from seeing the logical consequences of the theory. M ills ideas of hell belief are very similar to those of my own. some, if not most, people are introduced and expected to abide by a certain religion by the time they speak their first words. Naturally, more often than not, religion and religious values are the first thing that many are taught however religion allows little, or no room, for critical thinking. Many people carry their religious beliefs and values throughout life, where critical thinkers challenge and question it they find the squash that doesnt quite make sense and demand to know where the logic lies and why exactly theyre supposed to life by these ideas.In Mills ideas, people come to believe in it and manage to stay sane about it for the same reason, a lack of critical thinking. In our readings, we see that Bertrand Russell emphasizes the importance of open and free analysis, and the critical need to create education systems that raise open-minded involvement of knowledge and cautions the dangers inherent in rigid id eologies.I agree with Russell and believe that children should be taught to think critically as soon as they start their education because as adults it is almost impossible to learn, it is not simply a skill you can up and decide you want to possess.If more schools implemented a system that encourages children to keep an open mind and consistently put certain ideas and theories to the test, they would be better prepared for futurity education, encouraged to socialize with their peers even if theyre not from the same religious or ethnic background, and general be well prepared for life itself the habit of questioning everything leads to the development of well-rounded knowledge.When referencing the answers that many of us strive for, Russell explains that if philosophy cannot answer all of our questions, it at least holds the power of asking questions which increase the fire of the world, and show the strangeness and phenomenon lying just below the surface even in the simplest thi ngs of everyday life. He identifies a need for a theory of knowledge that will merge what appears to be from what really is, as well as the importance to practice knowledge responsibly.Russell explains to us that in order to make statements or hold beliefs about knowledge, we must be able to substantiate that our knowledge is accurate to reality. Although uncertainty and suspect are Descartes enemy, he wanted to use doubt as a tool or limb to combat uncertainty. What, if anything, could not be doubted after subjecting all of his knowledge to the acid wash of doubt. The one thing that Descartes concluded could not be doubted was that he was doubting. There has to be an I who is thinking. Descartes famous dictum, Cogito Ergo Sum, nub I think therefore I am.

APN concept paper Essay Example for Free

APN concept paper EssayWhat is right go for nursing? An advanced exercise contain is one who has successfully completed a post-graduate nursing program. Advanced exercising nurses receive intensifier classroom as well as clinical education. They are supplied with the tools to gain advanced knowledge and skills, and change magnitude scope of reading in nursing. Advanced behave nursing describes a take of nursing apply that uses comprehensive and strong skills. Advanced experience and knowledge are utilized to assess, plan, implement, diagnose and evaluate patients care.Nurses who practice at this level have received post-graduate education and may choose to work with either a specialist or generalist concentration. However, advanced practice nursing is based on the elevated level of knowledge, skill and experience that is employed within the nurse-patient relationship in order to achieve the best achievable outcomes. This can be achieved by utilizing critical analysis , problem solving and evidence-based decision making. Why is advanced practice important in nursing? Because of the intensive post-graduate education requirements, advanced practice nurses learn to effectively immix theory, practice and their own experiences. They also develop the ability to independently make responsible decisions and to apply grant interventions.The advanced education requirements are designed in such a way that advanced practice nurses learn to formulate multiple approaches when making decisions, managing patients care, or collaborating with patients to achieve best outcomes. This is important as healthcare continues to evolve. Patients can feel assured of receiving appropriate and excellent care by an advanced practice nurse who collaborates with physicians. There have been studies conducted to assess the outcomes of patients cared for by advanced practice nurses and compared to those cared for exclusively by physicians.The results showed that patients of tho se advanced practice nurses working along with the physicians had equal or better outcomes than those who had been treated solely by physicians. Is all advanced practice the same? No, an advanced practice nursing student can choose from one of intravenous feeding areas of specialization Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Midwife, Clinical Nurse Specialist, or Nurse Practitioner. Each of these nurse specialties, especially Nurse Practitioners, can choose to specialize in a particular field or localize on a specific patient population in which to provide care. Each specialty has a distinctive background and functions in a different capacity. However, they are all referred to as Advanced behave Nurses.

Confucius and Plato Essay Example for Free

Confucius and Plato EssayEditor Ken Wolf, at the bring downning of the essay Confucius and Plato A Few rightfully Good People, poses the question What is the best way to create a hale society? (Wolf 25) It was surprising to a novice student of philosophy how similar the ideas of the ancient Chinese sage Confucius and famous Greek philosopher Plato were. Although, Confucius and Plato two made major contributions to the development of society, they showed some(prenominal) similarities and differences in these three subjects ruling class, education, and faith in humanity. Confucius and Plato both believed virtue and intelligence were key components to creating a strong society. Confucius survey anyone who has been educated had the capability to develop into a ruler. Whereas Plato assumed anyone could be educated, but only a few, those in the ruling class had the ability to argue and thus were qualified to rule. In addition, Plato gave credence to the idea of being born into the ruling class, that the quality to tenability was an inherited quality. Confucius and Plato were both strong believers that order was a nonher main factor in a strong society.Although they both had laws to maintain the order, Plato had less faith in peck in general to be get hold of in a civilized manner. Both Confucius and Plato were in favor of education and were teachers themselves. Confuciuss followers were the ones who wrote the Analects, which talked about how finish depends on humanity and propriety. Plato actually wrote The Republic which talked about his ideal philosopher-king. Plato established the Academy, which taught principles of ethics and government, for 900 years. Confucius assay to teach the ruler to become a get out person, but failed.The concepts put forth by Confucius and Plato begin to differ more when faith in humanity comes into play. Confucius and Plato both wanted to think there was true(p) in everyone, but Confucius believed more in a society in w hich human relationshipsespecially those indoors the familywere more important than laws. (Wolf 27) Plato concluded that the people needed to be controlled for there to be order. That control was retained through the law. They both sought out peace and harmony, although Confucius focused more on the behavior of individuals and Plato was enkindle in universal truth even though it probably would not be accepted,.Plato felt that if a person tried to bring enlightenment to the masses they would probably try to kill to him for telling much(prenominal) tall tales, disrupting their lives and challenging their accustomed beliefs. (Wolf 31) Even today, most people would agree with Confucius and Plato about the importance of educating people in the development of a strong society. The idea of relationships as the basis of society may be summed up in Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. This Golden Rule seems to be as important to Western society as it was to Chinese societ y. However, the idea of a better quality of citizen that is better suited to lead society smacks of elitism and would definitely not be accepted in modern democracies. However, that does not mean that the elite educated class from Harvard and Yale has not been overrepresented in American leadership. So perhaps we have a ruling elite, but not as overt as Plato would like. A final thought from the essay would be a harmonious and orderly existence is important to all societies.

the president of Bright-Lite’s president Essay Example for Free

the president of Bright-Lites president EssayThe issue concerning channel should be tackled carefully by the president of Bright-Lites president. Presently he should argue in favor of Beverly Patton, because it is true that a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) volume of stock is unbroken that will probably turn to obsolete. However, attention should be placed by the president in how favoring Beverly because we cannot go to the other extreme, since such side is hazardous too to the financial health of Bright-Line Shirt Company.The reason for such a suggest stems from the trade off that exists in inventory that all told business organizations that keep stock calculate. When holding stock there are two main risks that face the opposite direction. On one side there is the risk that the conjunction purchases a lot of stock that will not be used and will eventually turn obsolete, as the case at hand. Keeping high volume of stock holds other disadvantages apart obsolescence. For ex ample, the greater the stock volume the higher the resources entrusted for such asset.Indeed organizations that keep high volume of stock incur greater holding costs, such as wages of employees operative in stores, insurance and other related overheads. In addition, by charge a high volume of stock a substantial part of the firms functional capital will be tied up in stock. We ought to keep in mind that specie is the lifeblood of the organization and an appropriate cash buffer balance should be kept to cater for other working capital commitments like payments to suppliers apart from inventory. The other extreme side, which encompasses keeping low volume of stock, is also dangerous.If the company ends up without inventory, there is the risk that the firm will not be capable to meet the demands of the customers. As a result, orders will be lost and the organization might lose a part of its defer market share. In this respect an appropriate balance between these two side should be kept and this is the reason why the president should be careful in how favoring Beverly.ReferenceDrury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. fourth part Edition. New York International Thomson Business Press.

Shutter Island Analysis Essay Example for Free

Shutter Island Analysis EssayThe story revolved about a man named, shift Daniels. A US Marshall who, with his partner, Chuck Aule, went to an island kn receive as Shutter Island to conduct an investigation regarding the scarper patient of the said psychiatric institution. upon arriving, he met, Dr. Cawley, the person in charge of the facility. there he comprise out that the said patient was named, Rachel Solando. when he went to his room, he had found a piece of paper containing a riddle saying, the law of 4, Who is 67. During the investigation, some members of the said facility was uneager to search for the said patient, and during slip-ups interview with some of the patients, single of them told him to run a bureau from the place. This event had added to his curiosity and felt that something was wrong. every nonpareil has his own secrets until it was revealed that even Teddy, has a hidden ag raritya, he was there for his own reason, he was there to look for, Andrew laeddi s, the one who killed his wife, Dolores Chanal.As days go by, many things had happened, he had met George Noyce, his informant about the island and he was shocked to see him locked in the institution.one day, while conducting his investigation, his instict had brought him into a cave, wherein he met, an escape psychiatrist of the intitution. She had dropped the bomb to Teddy, that Shutter island is no customary island. it is the place where experiments where done, and that even him is victim of the said work. she said that bit by bit, they are drugging him and making him insane. she also tipped him that they conduct the experiments to the old lighthouse. after(prenominal) the conversation, he was immeadiately found by one of the earnest officers and was brought back to the facility.Eagerness and curiosity both(prenominal)ered him, that is why he had taken the next step, in which he went to the old lighthouse. upon arriving, he saw dr. cawley, that is when the reality, was revea led. Andrew laeddis is a psychiatric patient named Edward Daniels. His wife killed herself in front of him after drowning her kids, that had been a reason for his illness. his psychiatrist, Dr. Sheehan and Dr. Cawley, had taken a big risk by riding with his delusions, making it see real, slowly showing him the reality. others had condemmed them for doing that, that macrocosm a good man, they want Daniels to regain his sanity, whatever it takes. At the end of the story, Daniels had said something that had had brought hope upon them all, it is when he stood up, surrendered himself and said,Which would be worse? To live as a monster or Die as a good man?AnalysisSanity is not a choice. It is one of the things that the movie shutter island wants to show. No one wants to have a psychological problem. They are just victims of the mass that they werent able to accept. This is something that Dr. Sheehan and Dr. Cawley had always believed in. Daniels isjust a victim of an event that he was nt able to accept. That is why his past keeps hunt him and made him make a world of his own wherein only the things he wants to see, feel and experience exist.Dr. Sheehan and Dr.Cawley, both dedicated to thier profession wants Daniels to be treated using a more humane way, the psychological way. The way the two doctors treated and risk their proffesion just to help daniels show how a true caregiver should be. And us, being future nurses should have a mmore open mind and understanding heart especially in intervention such patients. Everyone desrves humane treatment.

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming EssayOver the past years the problem that has most scientist and batch in the world concerned is global warm up.What leads to global warming is called the green house effect, where the atmosphere builds up by gases, like methane, carbon dioxide and otherwises, and keeps heat from the sun in the atmosphere, which increases the temperature on Earth. Many people count on that global warming and the green house effect ar the same thing but it is not. The babys room effect is the heat that comes from Eart. While global warming is an issue be typesetters case the more gases that are produced by universe the more gases will be in the atmosphere, which upsets the natural balance.As a result of global warming the polar ice caps are melting and this will lead to a rise in ocean levels causing flooding and coastal damage to many countries. The increase in temperature means an increase in water temperature which will lead to extreme weather conditions, such as hurrican es. As a cause of the temperature changes, it can lead to animals and insects migrating to other areas. Taking disease with them that normally wont occur in other places.There is no known solution to reverse global warming yet, but there are solutions that will help to prevent it from growing even more. For instance cycle by using recycling bins and other methods will help prevent the problem to advance. Another way is to use compact fluorecent bulbs. By replacing three frequently used light bulbs with compact fluorecent bulbs you save like 135Kg of carbon dioxide and R$120 per year. By unpluging unused electronics, even if the electronic devices are turned off, they use energy. You save over 400Kg of carbon dioxide and R$500 per year by unplugging them or switching them off. Although, any action we could do to minimize the global warming seems to be helpful to preserve the environment. Maybe with some help from the governing we could do a little bit more for our planet and provi de a sustainable time to come for the generation that comes.

Racial Profiling Essay Example for Free

racial Profiling establishRacial pen is a big issue. M any(prenominal) populate wee-wee been victimized be come of cops and separate lavishly authorities sense slight attitudes on how to handle the constabulary force. What people read to realize is that racial profiling does lead to innocent people who ar mostly targeted or pursued because of their race or some convictions regular(a) because of their righteousness. These things nooky in like manner cause citizens to become rattling angry and unwilling to cooperate with law enforcement. Racial profiling has been the cause of many a(prenominal) outbreaks of riots. There has even been many riots because of innocent people being racial profiled against causing citizens to become antagonistic, bitter, and hateful towards the law. This cigaret be a problem because they even target erect police. The cause of racial profiling can start not solely hostile attitudes, besides a skunk in the views of how police treat ci tizens. Racial profiling is a system that police and other law enforcement agents use to catch someone who has locateted a crime or is round to commit one. It is a controversial method. In fact, even the meaning of racial profiling is controversial (Kops, Pg. 9).Racial profiling is a very controversial topic, because this topic chance upons people uneasy to talk about. Its especially cloggy for victims who have been racial profiled against because of the memory of their terrible experience. In 1942, over 120,000 American were stripped of their business and their homes and incarcerated for the continuation of World War II. They had committed no offense. They were convicted of no crime. They were suspected, subjected to curfews, arrested, had their property confiscated, and finally imprisoned because of the color of their fight and their national origin or the national origin of their parents (Meeks, Pg. ).Situations like this can cause a shift in the government where they have constant issues on how to approach citizens because of the fear of being accused of knifelike against people. This sometimes has citizens wondering is it okay for police to check you if they think you are committing a crime? nearly there have been mixed answers when the law is confronted with this question. Also this can cause tension between cops and the law enforcement because of all the animosity and stress of being constantly accused of racial profiling. There have been retired cops who have written books talking about their experience as a cop.Some give details that outsiders wouldnt know about the cops secret jobs. Is it possible that good police are terror-struck? This could be the reason why they could also be afraid that if they tell too much they could peradventure lose their job. But just as there are good cops, there are also bad cops. Like the ones who harass people for no reason simply because of the physical features. An officers daily duties require them to viola te the rights of others, without question, on a repeated basis (see video 2min in). Police routinely fine or jail, at taxpayer expense, people whose crimes overlook an actual victim.Whether it is for driving without a license, disorderly postulate or illegal drugs, police are the ones enforcing such laws. More surprisingly is it seems they do so barely because they are told to, and debate such violations are acceptable to keep others near (this doesnt even complicate officers who blatantly and knowingly abuse their forcefulness) (Freeman). Is it a thing of giving law enforcement too much power? Many people have many complaints that the law has access to how they suspect if the someone is in the wrong. This is a prime example of why there can be a separation between cops.However, often many good cops are targeted for a crooked cops bad deed. With this happening it scares international potential cops who are afraid of this horrible thing happening to them, which has citizen s and other authorities on edge. The lack of law enforcement would be a huge problem without the law the crime rate could possibly stint an ultimate high. Law enforcement is supposed to be put in place as a security, and security measures for citizens. But how can you trustingness them when they also commit crimes. It makes it even harder for citizens to report a crime because they are afraid of what might happen to them.Bad cops are considering somewhat professionals at pulling big schemes. They can pull off these schemes because of the connections they have with even high authorities. Some schemes could be tied to drug trafficking and many other things. But are once they are accused of such heinous crime, why are these issues sometimes forgotten about? Its like the process of prosecuting these police are constantly unplowed quiet. Well its about time that its brought public. Negative stereotypical biases of African-American males overshadow any appearances that they are law-abi ding citizens.Indeed, in the eyes of many law enforcement officers, an African-American male driving a Mercedes-Benz projects the presumption of illegal activity, not the presumption of a hard working citizen (Weatherspoon). Keeping these things private can cause more attention to what are they genuinely doing. But no one is taking a stand and asking questions simply because of fear of becoming a target of the police. The term driving dapple dour has been used to describe the practice of law enforcement officials to stop African-American drivers without probable cause.The practice oddly targets African-American males. African-American males are not only singled out spot driving, but also while schooling, eating, running for political office, walking, banking, serving as a juror, getting a taxi, shopping, and just being black and a male. The mere fact of being black and male in America is sufficient cause for governmental and private law enforcement officials to abridge the righ ts of African-American males. This is not to suggest that law enforcement officers can never consider race when performing their job (Weatherspoon).African American males are not the only people who are targeted. For example, during the final solution Jews were killed, beaten, starved, and a lot of other horrific things all because of their religion and race. The European Holocaust of the 1930s and 1940s, which cost millions of Jews (and other ethnic groups) their lives, led many Jews and non- Jews alike throughout the world to believe that a Jewish homeland was necessary. During and after World War II, many Jewish refugees found themselves without a nation and with nowhere to go (Jones, Johnstone, Pg. 358). Racial profiling seems to never have an end.Many cases you hear about how racial profiling still exists til this very day. The question that everyone should be asking is, why should a somebody race, religion, or beliefs determine how they are judged? Racial profiling is an abusi ve practice that targets innocent citizens solely because of the mode that they look. It is not an effective law enforcement strategy. Research shows that racial profiling diverts officers attention from using actual, objective signs of suspicious behavior to effectively assess situations. Racial profiling erodes trust between law enforcement and its community.As a result, people are less likely to report a crime or work with the police to give information that could apprehend an actual criminal (Elliot). This statement is true racial profiling really is not a strategic method. Since this method has been put in place it has done nothing but cause an upset to the community. Communities have had negative feelings towards racial profiling. So why is this still a method? No one seems to ask this important question that could change the law enforcement system. Changing the system could make a better relationship between citizens and law enforcement.Because more citizens may be willing to stretch out up more to the law, without feeling like they cant trust police. Before this solution could be an option the law enforcement should make an extra effort with making sure that the community knows that they can trust they are truly secured. While there have been attempts to end racial profiling in Congress, no bill has successfully been passed. Communities across the country have been subjected to this useless, degrading tactic for too long. Now is the time for Congress to reintroduce and pass comprehensive legislature to end racial profiling (Elliot).Congress has besides to make any decisions about eliminating racial profiling. But that doesnt mean that change wont happen. Racial profiling as stated in within this research paper is a very controversial topic, but it also a sad topic. The way a person can be mistreated just because of the color of their skin. When reading the facts about racial profiling it is saddening to know that a person can be humiliated and tort ured over nothing. Victims of racial profiling are caught off guard, because they have no clue of why they have become a target.Some people are targeted because of their religion for example a Muslim lady could become a target of racial profiling because of her lintel wrapped. Muslims have became targets ever since the 9/11 incident. Since September 11, 2001, members of Arab, Muslim, and South Asian communities have increasingly been searched, interrogated and detained in the name of national security, often times labeled terrorism suspects when in reality many were only charged with misdemeanors or minor immigration violations, if they were charged at all (Racial Profiling Face the honor Campaign).African-American males are also targeted, because of how they present themselves. This can make some African- American males uneasy to go out in public, because of the fear of being watched and seen for the clothes they wear. As a result, community members become less likely to assist w ith criminal investigations or seek protection from police when they themselves are victimized, which makes everyone less safe (Racial Profiling Face the Truth Campaign). Communities are now starting to stick together, by not destiny the police. Some feel that they should not help the police when the police attack innocent people.

Comparing Two Artists Essay Example for Free

Comparing Two Artists EssayMagritte uses minimal dull colours though he changes tones within his colours to create shadowy effects and also creates a layered element contributing to course of study within his artwork the horizontal layers between the background make the vertical bankers bills of the owls stand out in the foreground of his artwork. Magritte is known to not leave unfathomed messages within his artwork, cleverly keying the reality he sees.For this particular symbolic painting Magritte uses oil on canvas, the sharp detail he uses in his clash strokes make the image look real but not real at the same(p) time. His witty version of reality he paints fall into surrealism, although his artwork include symbolic owls his painting is clear, evoke and well defined, he wanted his viewers to look at his painting and appreciate what is right there, not leaving them wondering why or what it means, because everything he wished to portray is right there in the artwork.Owls epitomise wisdom. In many cultures they are believed to be able to see all things that are usually hidden quite possibly fears. Magritte uses these owls to represent as an antediluvian human fear or the owls are the companions of our ancient fears, the birds growing from the soil may represent the roots to our fears. In comparison to Magritte, Peter Booths artwork Untitled 1976 displays an image of apocalyptic break, at the same time Booth includes his painful ad hominem experiences and his view of humanity.This is evident when he uses harsh and refrigerant colours to represent the apocalyptic vibe he sends through his artwork, the tones are very similar within each colour although when looking at the tout ensemble painting the contrast between the different colours is quite prominent leaving a cold feeling for his viewers to feel. Line has most strongly been used to create the strong horizon line and hence fore-middle- and background. The thin repeated lines of the fire and s ky create pattern and simulated texture.The texture of the paint Booth uses to illustrate the industrial side of his landscape maybe suggesting he had a rough childhood. The consideration of the figures in Booths artwork are all out of proportion, implying they could be apart of his muddled memory or hallucination, and this is how he remembers them. Booth uses gouache on paper for this particular artwork his intense brush strokes create perspective on his painting, guiding his viewers to understand and follow where he directs them.His work is characterised by an intense emotional power of often dark narratives, and esoteric symbolism, this artwork also reflecting on his hair-raising dreams which categorise him in surrealism, as he works closely with the element of surprise or shock difference. The colours he uses are symbolic to aspects of his childhood growing up in the industrial surroundings.

Impact of Gender Inequality on Social Development Outcomes

Impact of sex In equating on Social Development OutcomesReviewing the literature, it is release that sex activity disagreement has no positive set up on social development outcomes.On reaping, the benefit impact of sexual practice inconsistency is quite ambiguous it shadower be a great chit to emergence or only smallly support it. Wages and income are rapidly affected and can change aggregate demand. These differences in wages and income regulate the incentive systems which plan investment in mankind queen-sized(p), which in turn affects growth. sexual urge gaps in reproduction, on the other side are unfavorable to persistent term growth, due to the large positive externalities generated by female teaching method, enhanced parental human detonating device dissemination and reduced fertility.Gender in equating in health and life expectancy impede desire term growth and efficiency due to reduced working lives and lower productivity levels. These health and educati on impacts are the obstacle produced by sexual activity inequality to social development.On social development, gender inequality is generally harmful, as equality improves societal health and education outcomes, as salubrious as generating large externalities for society as a whole.The economic effects of gender inequality are now well recognized, despite the lack of a precise and broad body of question and literature.Chapters Two and Three strain the significance of gender equality in education and health as some(prenominal) are indwelling determinants of growth and social development. It is vital to continue this target to obtain the gains from improved female education season exercising concern non to overlook mens own gender particular problems.Gender equality is definitely a dominant economic tool for economic and social development, requiring the foundation of opportunities for both sexes to maintain long-term growth, economic efficiency, social development and good governance.Ceteris paribus, at that place is enough evidence to believe that in the long- make, achievement of the goal of gender-equal opportunities in labor, health and education is far to a greater extent efficient than the distri only ifive gender inequality we see today. The policy issue now allow be to convert equality of opportunities into equal outcomes. The complexity of gender inequality does indeed stress that there may be a market failure in achieving gender-equitable outcomes, but there is insufficient evidence to state whether or not forced outcomes will yield net productivity gains compared with the gender inequality existing conditions.Gender gaps in health and life expectancy harm a nations long term growth and productivity, and in employment they have negative effects on aggregate demand and short run output. Further more(prenominal), female capital per worker has been shown to have a higher return than male capital per worker, and interoperable application o f neoclassical theory shows that a higher steady-state output and growth rate will checker with capital investment that is skewed towards the female. The benefits and costs to economic growth imposed by gender inequality are clearly skewed so that a reduction in gender inequality is a more favorable outcome to reach a higher long-term growth path, as the circumstantial and exceptional studies are somewhat more myopic and set over a certain period.Gender inequality may as well crowd growth in that it is a second-best solution for a male dominated political conflict and civil unrest which arises out of inequality. Having women bear the great shell out of a nations income inequality, as they have historically done in patriarchal societies, may be a preferred option to society as a whole bearing this burden. It will decrease the likelihood of militant groups forming, and conflict then erupting over income inequality, which would create a far greater obstacle to growth.All of these findings suggest that gender inequality is harmful for the health and education aspects of social development, slice supporting the policy opinion of lessening education and health gaps between men and women often by targeting women directly.The other forms of social development previously discussed health and education have an important effect on the reduction of poverty and there is a high degree of linkage, especially with the assorted degrees of poverty and different definitions. These definitions have been broadened from just monetary poverty to include poverty in opportunity, capabilities, institutions and much more.While gender inequality and poverty are closely related, there is adequate evidence to show that reducing gender inequality only is not enough to reduce poverty. Just as economic growth, education, investment, aid or any other single variable is not enough to address poverty, neither is improving gender equality. Poverty reduction through gender equality will be brought about through a number of means including health, education, and economic growth.While positive health and education outcomes are admittedly in truth useful tools for addressing poverty, the degree to which gender inequality directly determines poverty rates is very uncertain, and we cannot specify that simply improving gender inequality will reduce poverty. The influences of gender equality on human capital and economic growth are far better tools for poverty reduction than blindly putting more women in school, jobs and parliament.CONCLUSIONRECOMMENDATIONSConclusionGender differences in all socio economic aspects of earnings, wages, ability, health, capital and poverty broadened in several countries because women cannot have access and control over resources, gain from economic opportunities, and determine their authority in political field.The outcome suggests that an exogenous boost in girls access to education creates an enhanced environment for economic growth and that the effect is mostly strong for middle income countries.However the indirect effects on growth happen through the growth externalities of fertility, investments in children.I have reached the conclusion that gender inequality normally has undesirable effects on all facets of socioeconomic development. Moreover, there are extremely little facts to counselor-at-law that any economic effectiveness vs. gender parity trade off exists gender equality is also gender efficient. Gender inequality is now gradually becoming known as an imperative macroeconomic variable, but still not considered as a major determinant of growth.RecommendationThe economic effects of gender inequality are now well recognized, despite the lack of a specific and big body of research and literature. I have been able to draw some definitive policy recommendations from the research conducted in this project, but there is still much to understand if we are to act effectively and decisively.external development p ractitioners have adopted the policy of gender mainstreaming, but despite this involving both sexes by definition, there is a recurring and persistent focus on women. In advanced economies, women are now more educated than men and male tertiary enrolments are declining,1 meaning that we should expect to see a turn down in aggregate male human capital. This may be a concern, especially if men are better at mathematics and technical sciences. Furthermore, the declining fertility rates of these advanced economies have led to skilful skill shortages, population shortages, and structural labor market problems.This project offers clear evidence that gender equality may assist in poverty reduction through a number of different channels, but that it cannot be expected to directly, independently and systematically reduce poverty. It is recommended that gender equality is never viewed as a magic-bullet solution to poverty reduction or development.In fact, it appears that promoting gender eq uality in education and employment may be one of those few policies that have been termed win-win strategies. It would promote economic welfare and effectiveness, promote other critical human development goals such as lower mortality and fertility, and it would be intrinsically valuable as well.The task at hand is to develop a framework to understand and cumulation with the reinforcing social and economic structures of gender inequality.1 WDI, 2009

Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information

Qualitative Characteristics of pecuniary InformationThe purpose of fiscal statements is to give financial statements teaching astir(predicate)(predicate) the change in financial position, financial proceeding and financial position of the organization. These disregard provide data use in finish making such as investment, credit and economic decision making which are useful for unhomogeneous users. in that respect are seven main groups of users which are public, investors, lenders, employees, customers, supplies, government and other agencies and the needs of information is different for each group, for instance, employee provide interest on the profitability, retirement benefits and employment opportunities and so on. Financial statement is speculate to relevant, reliable, understandable and comparable. In addition, financial statement may include other information, for example, the uncertainties and risks that regularize the organization.Evaluation of the relevance, rel iableness, comparability and understandabilityRelevance is about the information that has the ability to influence the economic decisions of users. There are dickens main points relate to the relevance which are predictive value and fend foratory value. Predictive value arse help users to measure the past, present or future performance. Confirmatory value arouse help users to confirm their past evaluations. The annual reports include go-year statistics which necessitate the recent ten-year figures. It includes profit and loss account, balance sheet and passenger services figures and so on. It can help the shareowners to confirm the past evaluations, measure the past performance and differentiate the relevance information at the same time.The annual reports embody a part of operating net profit with future extensions. In this part, the report has stated all properties that they are developing, constructing, planning and the properties that owned, developed and managed by them. It can help us to predict the present and future performance and verify the past evaluations.In the annual reports, we can find the CEOs review of operations and outlook. This part is the MTRs CEO taking about the MTR past performance which is good and which is bad, it in like manner mentions the next year development of the MTR. It gives us a clear mind about the MTR what will do during the next year and briefly review the previous year performance.Reliability is about the information that is a complete and true representation. There are five major issues involve in reliability, free from material error, a faithful representation, neutral, prudent and complete. MTR use one of the big 4 account company that is KPMG. KPMG is a macroscopical international company and has a exercise set of size uping experience and professional staff. Therefore, shareholder can bear a great confidence on the financial statements. On the other hand, the study report state that the KPMG giv e a true and fair view that means the MTR reports are flop prepared with method of accounting standards which means the reports are free from material, faithful representation, prudence and complete. Also, the accounting firm is an unaffiliated audit firm which can fulfill the point of neutral. As a shareholder, we can have a great confidence on that reports, because it is accuracy and do not have any creative account.MTR is a public organization and it is managed by government. It has been required a high transparency that disclosure all information to public, such as, company policies, therefore, their information must be faithful, neutral, prudent and complete which are required by law. So, their information has a high reliability. From the view of shareholders, we can trust on it.The MTR have an internal audit team which is responsible for the internal control, project review, fraud investigation, due diligence and management review and so forth. It can help the MTR to give u s a report that is reliable, free from material error, faithful, neutral, prudent. As a shareholder, we can have great confidence on the annual reports.Comparability is about the alikeities and differences can be discerned and evaluated. There are twain key matters include in the comparability which are consistency and disclosure. intimate the annual reports, we can find many figures that can give us to compare. Such as the Ten-Year Statistics, it includes ten years data for us to realize. We can see that the earnings per share are improverd steady each year from $0.81 per share in 2000 to $1.69 per share in 2009. Also, the profit is summationd rapidly from $7,758 on 2006 to $15,182 on 2007.In addition, in the CEOs Review of Operations and Outlook part, it compare a lot of data, for example, the come weekday patronage for the Domestic Service in 2009 was 3.5 million, which represents an increase of 0.9% over 2008 and the total revenue from office rental, property management a nd other businesses in 2009 was HK$2,928 million, an increase of 8.0% over 2008.Moreover, the financial statements have provided two years figures for us to compare which is 2008 and 2009. For instance, the Loans, other obligations and bank overdrafts is decrease significantly from $31,289 in 2008 to $23,868 in 2009 which decline 23.7%. The dividend per share is increase from 0.48 in 2008 to 0.52 in 2009 which increase 8.3%. From the figure that we have analysis above, we can see that the MTR profit is increase each year and the loan decrease each year, therefore, it is a signal for us continue to salvage the share or investment much.Understandability is about the significance of the information can be perceived. There are two important points contain in the understandability, users abilities and aggregation and classification. Inside the annual reports, it contains a polish part. In the glossary, it explains a particular domain of knowledge that uncommon, specialized or newly in troduced. For example, operating border means operating profit from railway and related businesses before depreciation and amortization as a percentage of the turnover and ordinary shares means ordinary shares of HK$1.00 each in the capital of the company and so forth. As a shareholder, it helps a lot during reading the annual reports, because not every shareholder also has that much professional knowledge.The annual report contains many picture, table and chart. An annual report is very thick, because it contains large information about the MTR performance. From the view of shareholder, if the reports are full text, it is hard for us to read it all, because it has a lot of words to read and understand. When reading the annual reports, it is not hard to find pictures, tables and charts, it can help us more easily to realize the information, especially the tables and charts, it convert the figures into a understandability form so that the readers can catch the main point easily.It also includes a content page and classifies similar data to similar group. When we look at content pages, it not only states the title but also state the occur page which makes the shareholders more convenience to find the information what they need.This annual reports have different delivery version which can take care of different users, although this MTR is a Hong Kong organization, as a shareholders, I may be a foreigner and I can not read any Chinese words. Therefore, different language version is important as well. It is easy to find that the MTR annual reports have been prepared by two versions which are Chinese and English.Which one of the four qualitative characteristics of financial information is the most important?In my opinion, the reliability is the most important qualitative characteristic.If the financial statements are not reliable, the shareholders will not have any confidence on the MTR reports, because they feel that the financial statement information of the MTR is not faithfulness and truthfulness. Hence, they will not have any interest to realize the MTR reports, so that the objective of financial statement is invalid. up to now though the annual reports has higher quality of relevance, comparability and understandability, but without reliability which will cause the shareholders and effectiveness investors run away.In the opposite side, if the financial statements have a higher degree of reliability, the shareholders will have more confidence on the annual reports, because higher degree of reliability means the annual repot have meet the requirements of free from material error, a faithful representation, neutral, prudent and complete. When the reports meet those requirements, it attracts the shareholders stay and attracts more investors.When seeing the MTR annual reports, we can know that their reports have a good reliability. The MTR employ an external accounting firm which is KPMG to audit their accounting information, it fulfil l the point of neutral. The audit firm also give a true and fair view to the MTR which means their information are faithful, complete, prudent and free form material error.From the above discussion, we can see that reliability is the most important qualitative characteristics in the financial statement. outcomeDuring analysis the MTR annual reports, I know that the four qualitative characteristics have a great influence to shareholders. It has a significant impact on the decision making, because it can help them to understand, realize and build up the confidence on the MTR reports. The four qualitative characteristics also affect the shareholders invest or not. In my opinion, the reliability is the most important qualitative characteristic, it represents faithfulness and truthfulness. Shareholder will depend on it to decide whether those accounting information can trust or not, thereby to planning the investment decision.Word Count 1553 words