Differences in Absentees in the Workplace between Smokers and Non-smokers :: essays research papers

The unit of observations were ergodic samples of twenty-five various employees divided into two distinct, independent populations, smokers and non-smokers. Then selective information on their absences from fix for the previous year were obtained and use in this statistical inference. Because of a strong association between smoking and ill-health, it is generally authoritative that smokers miss more work than their non-smoking counterparts. Does the smoker miss more work than the non-smoker? Data from these random samples were apply to draw a conclusion. SMOKERSDATA **VERSUS** explanation NON-SMOKERSTABLE unit of Observation Smoking and Non-Smoking EmployeesVariable Name Definition Unit of Measurement Data Source Smoker Employee Days Absent in agone Year http//lad.org/issues/4/horizon.html Smokes July 11, 2000 Non-Smoker Employee Does Days Absent in Past Year http//lad.org/issues/4/horizon.html NOT Smoke July 11, 2000 RANDOMDATA SAMPLESLISTINGSmokersAbsenteesNon-Sm okersAbsenteesEmployee 110Employee 15Employee 28Employee 29Employee 318Employee 32Employee 48Employee 410Employee 511Employee 512Employee 617Employee 611Employee 719Employee 76Employee 821Employee 89Employee 916Employee 912Employee 102Employee 108Employee 114Employee 114Employee 1212Employee 127Employee 1311Employee 1313Employee 146Employee 146Employee 159Employee 157Employee 1613Employee 1611Employee 1724Employee 1710Employee 1815Employee 1818Employee 1914Employee 1920Employee 203Employee 204Employee 210Employee 2110Employee 229Employee 222Employee 2311Employee 238Employee 2419Employee 245Employee 2510Employee 2510 opine11.6 stringent8.76Standard Deviation6.110100927Standard Deviation4.352011029Variances37.33333333Variances18.94SOURCE http//lad.org/issues/ watchword/4/horizon.html July 11, 2000 STATISTICAL ANALYSISOUTPUTF-Test Two-Sample for VariancesSmokers Non-SmokersMean11.68.76Standard Deviation6.1101009274.352011029Variance37.3333333318.94Observations2525df2424F1.971136924P(FF Critical one-tail1.983757159t-Test Two-Sample presume Equal VariancesSmokersNon-SmokersMean11.68.76Variance37.3333333318.94Observations2525Pooled Variance28.13666667Hypothesized Mean Difference0df48t Stat1.892940764P(Tt Critical one-tail1.677224191P(Tt Critical two-tail2.01063358CAN WE ACCEPT THESTATISTICAL NULL HYPOTHESISANALYSISThe data source used in this inference was found through a search engine, http//www.google.com. after hours of surfing the web and grueling through mounds of data I used two of the random samples found at http//lad.org/issues/News/horizon.html. For this statistical inference, the interrogation was whether the means were truly different or could they have been samples from the same population. To do draw a conclusion, we must first assume normal distribution. We must also circuit the null hypothesis to m1 - m2 = 0. And per this assignment we must set the a-level at .05 and the hypothesis alternative to m1 - m2 0 thus requiring a two-tailed test.The ran dom samples have a mean of 11.6 old age absent for the smoker and 8.76 days absent for the non-smoker. All of my calculations were done using the data analysis cock in Excel but can be done manually with given equationsSample Mean ( ) n = sample sizeThe variances of each(prenominal) sample are 37.33333333 for the smoking population and 18.94 for the non-smoking population. Their standard deviations are 6.