Magnets: The Natural Navigation Tool Introduction The first abduce of attracters in historical reference between 1155 and 1160 where it was written that the urban center of Carthage was studded with draws so that an armed man, approaching too almost would be back downed to the wall and held tightly. The next time magnets be menti hotshotd in writing was in 1231-6 by the Bishop of Paris. He explained the motion of the aeriform spheres by analogy to the ability of a magnet to jinx a piece of iron. The drudge was known in atomic number 63 in the late 12th century so that it is trusted that the properties of magnets were known to some(a) Western Europe by that time. What these citizenry would name realized was that the Earth is a large magnet that draws other magnets to it. Since then people defy used the magnetised properties to determine marriage and south.
What is a magnet? A magnet is a pierce of nature. Magnets screw push and pull. But magnets apprize only push and pull things that are steel of iron, steel, nickel, or cobalt. Magnets are made of iron ore. Magnets engage an invisible surface area around them called a charismatic fieldÂ. Magnets push and pull on things that enter the magnetized field. When something is placed outside the magnetized field it looks like the magnet is not working. Magnets arsehole in any case be so strong that they pass though air, water, and some solid things. The first known magnetic material is a naturally occurring mineral deposit called lodestone. Matter is made up of electrons, neutrons and protons. Electrons have a negative electric charge eyepatch protons have a positive electric charge and neutrons have no electric charge. These are the building blocks of atoms. An atom stomach have a positive charge when it loses one of its electrons, or a negative electric charge when it gains an extra electron.
How does a magnet work? charismatic fields are generated by moving electric charges. Magnetic fields have magnetic filed rail lines called lines of force. Magnetic field lines define the agency and strength of the magnetic field. Magnetic fields are the results of magnetic dipoles. An example of a magnetic dipole is the bar magnet. The picture below shows a bar magnet. The magnetic field lines always begin on the join poles of a magnet, and end on the South Pole. Magnetic dipoles always like to align themselves parallel to an external magnetic field so the dipole field matches the one use to it. This is why bar magnets line up north to south. It in like manner explains the behavior of a background needle which being made of iron behaves like a magnetic dipole. Dipole kernel two poles. The direction of magnetic field for the electron and the spotless atom moves the magnetic field either North and South.
To commit the north pole of a magnet you can make a compass out of it. The pole that faces geographic north is the North Pole. Like poles repel distributively other and oppositeness poles attract each other. So a magnet can repel other magnets. The magnetic forces of a compass testament seek north. This means that no matter where you stand on earth you can hold a compass in your hand and it exit request toward the north pole. A magnetic compass consists of a small lightweight magnet balance on a pivot point. The magnet is generally called a needle. One end of the needle is marked NÂ for North.
If you dont have a compass, you can create your own in the comparable way that people did hundreds of years ago. The first step is to shepherds crook the keepsake you are using into a magnet. You do this by stroking the magnet along the needle 10 or 20 times. Place your new magnet on a float and it go out slowly point toward North.
Maps and Map drill The compass is used with a map for navigational purposes. A good map will indicate in flesh out the landmarks, streams, lakes, marshes and mountains, as well as the direction of true north and magnetic north.
To lay out a course on your map, spread it flat so that the north and south lines upon it will be exactly parallel with the north and south line of the compass needle. You can then note in what direction your trail or objective lies and set your course accordingly.
Natures Compasses there are many compasses that can be found in our surroundings. For example if you have no compass but have a watch, you can tell direction by safekeeping it flat and pointing the hour hand toward the sun. South will be located halfway between the hour hand and 12 on the telephone dial. You could also use the direction by Stars system that was used long ago by seaman and heretofore by the trey wise men in the narrative of Christs birth. The most easily recognized star group is the deep Dipper or Great Bear, located in the Federal sky. This great sky dipper revolves around a smaller group of starts known as the little Bear.
The 2 stars forming the march on of the dipper always point to the North Star, a satiny star in the very tip of the Little Bears tail. These 2 stars are called pointers and were used in navigation centuries before the compass was invented.
Other natural compasses include the evergreen compass. The feathery tips of pines and hemlocks usually point in an easterly direction. The Rosin weed is some other of the wild compass plants that once grew in the Mississippi valley from Minnesota to Texas. A fall plant of the open prairie its secure leaves stand vertically; the leaves pointing north and south. Tree rings will also show a greater growth of woods on the north and northeast sides of the trees.
Man-Made Compasses There are two types of manufactured compasses, the needle and the floating dial. On one a needle rotates and on the other a dial rotates. Both needle and dial are magnetized at one point and swing freely on a pivot pointing north when they come to rest. The rotating dial compass is the surmount kind for wilderness traveling. A simple compass can be made by rubbing a fasten needle with a magnet and then placing it gently in a cup of water where it will float an point north. To test the usefulness of man-made compasses I used three different items of varying lengths: a darning needle, a create from raw material needle and a paper clip. After rubbing each one for 20 strokes with a magnet I storied how much change in the compass was made when the item was placed near the compass.
Conclusion After using some(prenominal) items in the above manner I found that the big the item used to create the compass, the larger the magnetic force it created. I concluded that when making a man-made compass it was outmatch to use a larger item to touch on the most accurate reading. So the knitting needle was the best item to use.
Bibliography http://www.helterpub.com/_shelter/lost.html http://www.vvs-disposal.com/module/4-5/compass.html http://www.kapili.com/m/magnet.html http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/~tekpages/magnets.html http://pbskids.org/jayjay/care.curr.cl.17.html http://www.magnequench.com/tech_resources/education/magnets_at_work.html http://www.wondermagnet.com/dev/magfaq.html
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